bronchial carcinoma

Lung carcinoma (bronchial carcinoma) is a malignant neoplasm of degenerated cells in the bronchi. Around 1.6 to 1.8 million people worldwide are diagnosed with lung cancer every year. Lung cancer is the most common cause of death from cancer in men worldwide and the second most common cause of death in women after breast cancer. There are 2 forms of lung cancer: the more common non-small cell lung cancer and the rarer small cell lung cancer
( www.lungenkrebs-verständig.de ). The histological classification of bronchial carcinoma according to the WHO (World Health Organization) is: Small cell carcinoma: oat cell carcinoma, intermediate type, combined oat cell type (approx. 15%). Non-small cell carcinoma (approx. 85%): Spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma, acinar acinar, papillary, bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma, solid with mucus formation, large cell carcinoma: giant cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma. Other types of cancer: adenosquamous carcinoma, sarcomatous carcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC).  (Wikipedia
The main cause of cancer development is tobacco smoke, with both smoking and passive smoking being dangerous. Other risk factors are: asbestos, arsenic compounds or quartz and nickel dust, high levels of air pollution, radon, genetic predisposition and lung scars ( www.netdoktor.de ). Lung cancer can be treated in a number of ways, including surgery and chemotherapy. There are 3 different therapeutic approaches that are used individually or in combination: an operation to remove the tumor, chemotherapy, and radiation of the tumor. Lung cancer only has a real chance of recovery as long as it is operable. Depending on the spread of the bronchial carcinoma, one or two lung lobes are removed (lobectomy, bilobectomy) or even an entire lung wing (pneumonectomy). The surrounding lymph nodes are removed postoperatively (mediastinal lymph node dissection). Lung cancer can also be treated with chemotherapy, most often in combination with other treatments. It can be carried out before an operation (neoadjuvant chemotherapy). Chemotherapy is also given after the operation (adjuvant chemotherapy). Another approach to lung cancer treatment is radiation. Radiation can be given before or after an operation, and it is often used in addition to chemotherapy (radiochemotherapy). In individual cases, prophylactic cranial irradiation is carried out to prevent brain metastases. Cancer treatment depends on the type of cancer. Small cell bronchial carcinoma grows very quickly and metastasizes early. Chemotherapy is the most important treatment method here. Radiation therapy is often given as well. Surgery is only used when the tumor is still very small and has not yet affected any or only a few neighboring lymph nodes. At the time of diagnosis, small cell lung cancer is usually well advanced. Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common form of lung cancer (NSCLC = non small cell lung cancer). All non-small cell bronchial carcinomas grow more slowly than small cell lung carcinoma and metastasize later. However, they do not respond well to chemotherapy. If possible, an operation is carried out. If there is no way to completely remove the tumor, radiation is used. Supportive chemotherapy can be given before and after the operation. At a very early stage, radiation alone may be sufficient. Possible side effects of chemotherapy are: nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea and abdominal pain, hair loss, blood formation disorders (anemia) and blood clotting (increased tendency to bleed), increased risk of infection and severe, persistent states of exhaustion (fatigue). Side effects of radiation include redness, skin irritation, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and headaches. Possible late damage is skin ulcers ( www.lungenkrebs.de ). Another treatment option against cancer are dendritic cells, which trigger the immune response in the body. There are numerous studies and doctoral theses that prove its effectiveness. Lung cancer also responds to treatment with dendritic cells. The treatment is well tolerated as there are no side effects other than flu-like symptoms that resolve within 48 hours. Rheumatoid arthritis was observed in only one case.